Tuesday 28 December 2021

COVID-19: Omicron Reaches Europe

For my latest COVID rant, I thought I would return to the 14 countries, including the UK, which together form the core of Western Europe. First, because I wanted to see whether there was any evidence in the data that the “omicron” variant in the UK, and perhaps some other European countries, has indeed – as is claimed – a lowered risk of requiring hospitalization. If so, that will be good news. Second, I noticed that different European countries have often been taking completely different attitudes towards lockdowns over the last six months, and I wanted to compare and contrast both these differing attitudes and their results.

I took the data from the Our World in Data and Blavatnik School of Government feeds on December 25th. The data runs up to December 24th.

Omicron

But first, a few words about the Omicron variant. According to the Guardian [[1]], it became the dominant variant in the UK (more than 50% of cases) around December 14th. (An excellent article, by the way; for once, a journalist has asked some of the right questions!) By December 18th, it was accounting for about 70% of new UK cases. There’s a lot of uncertainty in these estimates, since only PCR tests can actually distinguish between the omicron and delta variants, and these are only a minority of the tests being done. But I’m inclined to accept these figures as “the best I have.”

Moreover, according to Al-Jazeera [[2]], the UK hospitalization rates for omicron are about 50% to 70% lower than for delta. So, I’d expect at least some decline in the rate of COVID hospitalizations, and hence in hospital occupancy, to show up in the most recent data.

Cases

Much has happened in the three months since I last reported on COVID in these 14 countries. Here are the total cases per million population:


Prominent in the graph above is the separation of the countries into two groups. There are a number of countries – the Netherlands, Belgium and the UK, also Ireland, Denmark and just recently France – which seem, relatively speaking, to have been “letting the virus rip.” It’s interesting that the acceleration of new case counts in the UK dates almost exactly to Sajid Javid’s take-over of the health ministry in June. On the other hand, countries such as Germany, Italy and Switzerland seem to be taking a far more cautious attitude.

Here are the daily cases per million:


The graph shows recent peaks for those countries which have locked down in the face of “unprecedented” levels of cases (Austria, Italy, Belgium). There’s a peak for Denmark as well, but this is not due to any lockdown. It is due to a major negative adjustment in the case counts, which appears in the figures for December 24th.

Notably, every single country in the list is above the WHO’s “endemic” threshold of 200 cases per million per day, above which they recommend no unlocking. The cynic in me is coming to think that this figure may have been deliberately set low, perhaps in order to prolong the epidemic and damage Western economies more as a result.

Vaccinations

I’m not going to say much about vaccinations today, for two reasons. First, as the list below shows, the differences between the countries in vaccination levels are not huge, except for Portugal:

Second, the omicron variant is rumoured to be able to evade the vaccines; which, if true, could turn out to be a game-changer. Reports from Denmark already suggest this is so. But I definitely don’t have nearly enough data yet to make any call on that particular issue.

Lockdowns

The picture on lockdowns has become rather confused over the last six months or so:


It’s worth comparing this list with the “stacked average lockdowns” list, which measures over the whole epidemic the propensity of each country to impose lockdowns of various types:

It’s generally the Catholic countries and Germany which have tended to lock down hardest, though the UK’s record is not brilliant either. And Sweden, Denmark and Luxembourg have been consistently near the bottom of the stringency list.

Hospital Occupancy

Here are the hospital occupancies by COVID patients per million population (the Germans are not reporting this figure, as they only supply data on hospital admissions):


Here are the same numbers expressed as a percentage of available hospital bed capacity. I also added, for comparison, the list of peak hospital bed occupancy by COVID patients over the whole epidemic:


You can see which countries are under-provided with hospital beds! The UK, Italy and Spain.

Another metric I follow is hospital occupancy per new case, with an offset of 7 days, to allow for the gap between infection and hospitalization. Although this is expressed as a percentage, it would need to be divided by the average “dwell time” in days of COVID patients in the hospital, to give an idea of what fraction of cases require hospitalization. As I have no idea how long this “dwell time” is, or how it varies by country, I’ll simply show the metric as it is:


The French seem both to have more hospital beds available than others, and to use them for longer in each case. The UK’s very different positions in the lists of percentages full and occupancy per case suggest that despite the high number of new cases, the virus is not, right now, causing problems as serious as in some other countries.

ICU Occupancy

Here are the corresponding graphs and lists for Intensive Care Unit occupancy (Denmark does not report this). The offset between new cases and ICU occupancy is 14 days:






The numbers of ICU beds I have for Portugal, the Netherlands and Spain, at least, must be understated compared to the reality! But the downward trend in ICU occupancy per case virtually everywhere since mid-October is comforting.

Deaths

Here are the total deaths per million:


That blue line that suddenly accelerates upwards, starting in about October, is Austria. Germany, too, has had a strong rise in deaths recently. As I’ve said before, early success against the virus does not guarantee that success will continue!

Here are the daily deaths per million:


Here are the cumulative deaths per case:


Notice the UK’s constant slide down this unenviable ranking since June.

As I’ve said before, high cumulative deaths per case should provide a good indicator of poor performance of a health system as a whole. Though when the epidemic is over, I’d expect that the main metric on which politicians ought to be judged should be minimizing deaths per million; if not also minimizing loss of GDP.

Here is the excess mortality graph (from all causes, relative to the average of years 2015-2019). I won’t bother to show the latest values list, as different countries seem to report with very different lag times, and Italy in particular hasn’t reported any excess mortality figures for three whole months:

It’s noticeable that there have been quite a few countries trending upwards in excess mortality since about October, among them Austria, Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium.

Lastly, here are the average excess mortalities for each country over the whole epidemic:

Interesting. Down at the bottom, there are both relatively low lockdown countries (Denmark, Luxembourg, Sweden) and high lockdown ones (Ireland, Germany, France). But Italy, the strictest of them all on lockdowns, is right at the top.

Lockdown Effectiveness

Which leads me to the relative effectiveness of lockdowns in the different countries. Here are scatterplots of cases per million, deaths per million, cumulative deaths per case and average excess mortality against average lockdown stringency over the whole epidemic. As there are only 14 countries in the group, the “trend lines” I draw can have only qualitative value. Nevertheless, the results are interesting!




The negative correlation between cases per million and average lockdown stringency is not unexpected. Although not necessarily so in other parts of the world, it does seem that, within the core of Europe, lockdowns have had at least some effect of lowering new cases. However, the correlation between all three of the mortality metrics and average lockdown stringency is positive. In the past, I have been eager – perhaps too eager – to explain this by saying, “bad deaths figures cause politicians to lock down harder.” But, as I’m now starting to think, might there not be some feedback the other way, too? For example, might controlling early cases too hard lead to increased vulnerability to the virus later? Either because a more severe variant arrives – as arguably with the alpha and the delta – or because the virus then has more time in which to seek out the “low hanging fruit,” the people it was always most likely to get anyway? Could it be that “lockdowns cost lives” might be more than just a slogan?

Individual Country Case Studies

Now, I’ll look at the individual countries in more detail. For most, I’ll show just the weekly case growth and reproduction rate against lockdown stringency, and the hospitalizations and ICU data. I’ll also show the lockdown measures since July 1st 2021. Where necessary, I’ll add cases and deaths for the country, and/or hospitalizations per case.

Austria



Date

Stringency

Measures

20210701

49.07

Schools: Some closed (Regional), Workplaces: Some closed, Events: Recommended cancelled, Gatherings: Up to 101-1000, Public transport: Recommended closed, Stay at home: No measures, Travel: No restrictions, International: Ban some arrivals, Face covering: Required in some places

20210811

56.02

Gatherings: Up to 101-1000 (Regional)

Travel: Mandatory restrictions (Regional)

20210825

58.8

Gatherings: Up to 11-100 (Regional)

20210909

49.07

Gatherings: Up to 101-1000

Travel: No restrictions

20210915

51.85

Gatherings: Up to 11-100

20210918

60.19

Travel: Mandatory restrictions (Regional)

20210929

51.85

Travel: No restrictions

20211018

60.19

Travel: Mandatory restrictions (Regional)

20211101

57.41

International: Quarantine high-risk

20211108

49.07

Travel: No restrictions

20211115

59.26

Events: Mandatory cancelled (Regional)

Stay at home: Required with exceptions

20211122

64.81

Events: Mandatory cancelled

Gatherings: Up to <=10

20211127

67.59

International: Ban some arrivals

20211212

64.81

Gatherings: Up to 11-100

It seems obvious why the Austrians locked down hard in the middle of November; they were approaching the practical limits of their ICU capacity. And why they banned some arrivals on November 27th; this was an attempt to keep omicron out. They seem to have done better at keeping omicron down than many of the countries around them. But the pundits are saying it’s only a matter of time before that changes.

Belgium



Date

Stringency

Measures

20210730

47.22

Schools: Recommended closed, Workplaces: Some closed, Events: Recommended cancelled, Gatherings: Up to <=10, Public transport: Open, Stay at home: No measures, Travel: No restrictions, International: Ban some arrivals, Face covering: Required when with others

20210901

43.06

Events: Recommended cancelled (Regional)

Gatherings: Up to <=10 (Regional)

20211001

40.28

Events: Recommended cancelled

Gatherings: Up to 101-1000 (Regional)

Face covering: Required in some places (Regional)

20211015

45.83

Events: Mandatory cancelled (Regional)

Gatherings: Up to 11-100 (Regional)

20211117

48.61

Events: Mandatory cancelled

Face covering: Required when with others

20211127

53.7

Workplaces: Mandatory closed

Gatherings: Up to 11-100

20211130

48.15

Events: Recommended cancelled

Like Austria, Belgian ICU capacity was somewhat threatened in mid to late November. They decided to use the big stick, mandatory closure of workplaces. It has done the job – sort of – but at what cost to the people? And there are more curbs on the way: [[3]].

Denmark



Date

Stringency

Measures

20210702

47.22

Schools: Recommended closed, Workplaces: Some closed, Events: Mandatory cancelled, Gatherings: Up to 101-1000, Public transport: Open, Stay at home: No measures, Travel: No restrictions, International: Ban some arrivals, Face covering: Required in some places

20210731

38.89

Events: Recommended cancelled

International: Quarantine high-risk

Contact tracing: Comprehensive

Face covering: Required when with others

20210901

29.63

Workplaces: Recommended closed

Gatherings: No restrictions

20210910

24.07

Events: Allowed

20210928

24.07

Face covering: Required in some places

20211102

24.07

Testing: If symptoms

20211112

44.44

Workplaces: Some closed

Events: Mandatory cancelled

Gatherings: Up to 101-1000

20211130

38.89

Events: Recommended cancelled

Testing: Open

The Danes aren’t providing ICU occupancy figures, so I can’t tell whether it was ICU capacity that triggered the November 12th lockdown. But selective closure of workplaces was their weapon of choice.

Danish hospital occupancy per case has declined from a local peak of 29% in late September to under 7% by December 20th. That looks very good. But given the recent adjustment to cases, I wonder whether this will continue?

The latest news from Denmark, though, seems optimistic: [[4]]. And according to the Rio Times [[5]]: “The unvaccinated, about one-fifth of the Danish population, accounted for only 8.5 percent of Omicron infections.” This should be a big slap in the face for all those that have been pushing to make vaccinations compulsory against all ideas of human rights. In fact, there’s even a plausible suggestion that vaccinated people may be more vulnerable to omicron than the unvaccinated.

France



Date

Stringency

Measures

20210709

43.98

Schools: Recommended closed, Workplaces: Some closed (Regional), Events: Mandatory cancelled (Regional), Gatherings: Up to 11-100 (Regional), Public transport: Open, Stay at home: No measures, Travel: No restrictions, International: Ban some arrivals, Face covering: Required in some places (Regional)

20210712

43.98

Face covering: Required when with others (Regional)

20210809

60.65

Public transport: Recommended closed

Travel: Mandatory restrictions

20210813

66.67

Workplaces: Some closed

Events: Mandatory cancelled

Gatherings: Up to 11-100

20210926

66.67

Face covering: Required in some places

20211204

72.22

Public transport: Mandatory closed

Face covering: Required when with others

Since August, the French have been trying out more and more stringent lockdowns. But ooh la là! none of it seems to have done them any good, as the cases graph shows:

Despite ever more stringent lockdowns, new cases are still heading north at an unprecedented rate. Do I detect, perhaps, the signature of l’omicron?

It isn’t worth showing the graph of hospital occupancy per case, as the detail of interest is so close to the axis that it’s all but invisible. However, this value has declined from 154% in the middle of October to 31% as of December 20th. Not immediately conclusive; but it’s even possible that the French have actually had l’omicron spreading among them longer than anyone, even themselves, had thought. When I look at the French raw case numbers, I think I see an explosive growth beginning around November 10th – more than two weeks ahead of the South African reports. Is omicron, perhaps, becoming omacron?

Post-script: Given reports that the Dutch had omicron earlier than the South Africans did – see later – I think it’s quite conceivable that the French may have had it back in November, too. That would suggest that the decline in hospital occupancy per case in France may be genuine evidence that omicron is less serious than delta.

Germany



Date

Stringency

Measures

20210801

64.81

Schools: Recommended closed, Workplaces: Some closed, Events: Mandatory cancelled, Gatherings: Up to <=10, Public transport: Recommended closed, Stay at home: Recommended, Travel: Recommended not to travel, International: Quarantine high-risk, Face covering: Required in some places

20210803

59.26

Travel: No restrictions

20210820

56.48

Gatherings: Up to 11-100

20210824

62.04

Schools: Mandatory closed (Regional)

20210828

60.19

Workplaces: Some closed (Regional)

20210911

54.63

Schools: Recommended closed

20211001

46.3

Events: Recommended cancelled (Regional)

20211010

37.04

Public transport: Open

Stay at home: No measures

20211019

42.59

Events: Mandatory cancelled (Regional)

20211028

43.98

Gatherings: Up to <=10 (Regional)

20211110

45.83

Schools: Some closed (Regional)

20211119

55.09

Stay at home: Recommended

Travel: Recommended not to travel

20211124

73.61

Workplaces: Some closed

Public transport: Mandatory closed

Travel: Mandatory restrictions

20211126

76.39

International: Ban some arrivals

20211202

84.26

Workplaces: Mandatory closed

Events: Mandatory cancelled

Gatherings: Up to <=10

The Germans were slow to unlock, and very eager indeed to lock down again – hard. The ICU graph shows one good reason why; from late October, ICU occupancy was rising inexorably. The rises in cases and ICU occupancy have been staunched since then, but only at the cost of subjecting Germans to their second highest lockdowns of the entire epidemic.

Again I say, early success against the virus does not necessarily lead to success later. In this case, it looks as if the Germans may have shot themselves in the feet, by controlling the earlier waves too well. So now, with the lowest total cases per million among the 14 countries, they are further from herd immunity than anyone else.

Ireland



Date

Stringency

Measures

20210704

44.44

Schools: Recommended closed, Workplaces: Some closed, Events: Recommended cancelled, Gatherings: Up to 11-100, Public transport: Open, Stay at home: No measures, Travel: No restrictions, International: Ban some arrivals, Face covering: Required when with others

20210920

40.74

Workplaces: Recommended closed

20211022

37.96

Gatherings: Up to 101-1000

20211028

44.44

Workplaces: Some closed

Events: Mandatory cancelled

Gatherings: Up to >1000

20211207

50

Gatherings: Up to 11-100

In the first year or so of the epidemic, the Irish suffered some of the harshest lockdowns in Europe. Their initial strategy was, like the Germans, to control cases as hard as possible. Since then, though, there seems to have been a change of approach to a more liberal one.

Ireland has climbed fast up the cases per million ladder; and yet, their deaths per million have remained low, second from bottom among the 14 countries, and below even Germany’s. New delta cases seem under control, and hospital and ICU occupancy are middling compared with the other countries, though ICU occupancy still needs watching.

For the last six months, I’d say the Irish have done a good job. And the BBC say omicron is already dominant in Ireland: [[6]]. But there are still new curbs coming in on hospitality venues, cinemas and theatres. It’s wait-and-see time.

Italy



Date

Stringency

Measures

20210701

47.22

Schools: Recommended closed, Workplaces: Some closed, Events: Recommended cancelled, Gatherings: Up to 101-1000, Public transport: Recommended closed, Stay at home: No measures, Travel: No restrictions, International: Ban some arrivals, Face covering: Required in some places

20210714

75.46

Schools: Mandatory closed (Regional)

Workplaces: Mandatory closed (Regional)

Events: Mandatory cancelled (Regional)

Gatherings: Up to <=10 (Regional)

Stay at home: Required with exceptions (Regional)

Travel: Mandatory restrictions (Regional)

20210720

75.46

Face covering: Required when with others (Regional)

20210723

67.13

Face covering: Required in some places

20210730

50

Schools: Recommended closed

Workplaces: Some closed

Events: Recommended cancelled

Gatherings: Up to >1000

20210806

55.56

Events: Mandatory cancelled

20210830

56.94

Gatherings: Up to 101-1000 (Regional)

Face covering: Required when with others (Regional)

20210901

60.65

Schools: Some closed

20211001

68.98

Travel: Mandatory restrictions (Regional)

20211009

67.59

Gatherings: Up to >1000

20211015

71.3

Workplaces: Mandatory closed

20211019

66.67

Stay at home: Recommended

Travel: Recommended not to travel

Face covering: Required in some places

20211023

66.67

Face covering: Required when with others (Regional)

20211025

71.3

Stay at home: Required with exceptions (Regional)

Travel: Mandatory restrictions (Regional)

20211206

76.85

Public transport: Mandatory closed

The Italian COVID experience has been the worst among all 14 countries. Second in deaths per million, first by a mile in cumulative deaths per case, heaviest locked down of all. And yet, second from bottom in cases per million, so very probably second furthest from herd immunity. Moreover, new cases are currently going through the roof:

That looks like omicron to me; as in France. And the lockdowns seem to be having no effect whatsoever.

Here’s the hospital occupancy per case:

Hospital occupancy per case has gone down since mid-October, but not by as much as in France. The Italians, I fear, are up the proverbial shit creek. So much for their high-lockdown strategy.

Luxembourg



The alphabet takes us to a more optimistic, if less sunny, clime.

Date

Stringency

Measures

20210720

37.96

Schools: Recommended closed, Workplaces: Recommended closed, Events: Recommended cancelled, Gatherings: Up to 101-1000, Public transport: Open, Stay at home: No measures, Travel: No restrictions, International: Ban some arrivals, Face covering: Required in some places

20210921

37.96

Testing: Restricted

20210924

34.26

Schools: Open

20210927

37.96

Schools: Recommended closed

Testing: Open

20211012

46.3

Gatherings: Up to 11-100

Public transport: Recommended closed

20211214

46.3

Face covering: Required when with others

As their current daily cases per million is unexceptional, I surmise that omicron hasn’t reached Luxembourg yet, at least not to a significant extent. Though they have already announced some fresh curbs: [[7]]. Otherwise, this looks to have been a mostly sane and proportionate response to the virus; so far.

But the “Christian Democrat” party is agitating for compulsory vaccination! We’ll see what they do when omicron really hits.

Netherlands



Date

Stringency

Measures

20210710

36.11

Schools: Recommended closed, Workplaces: Some closed, Events: Recommended cancelled, Gatherings: No restrictions, Public transport: Open, Stay at home: No measures, Travel: No restrictions, International: Ban some arrivals, Face covering: Required in some places

20210720

41.67

Public transport: Recommended closed

20210731

41.67

Contact tracing: Comprehensive

20210814

41.67

Testing: Open

20210925

47.22

Events: Mandatory cancelled

20211008

41.67

Public transport: Open

20211113

52.78

Gatherings: Up to <=10

Face covering: Required when with others

20211127

56.48

Stay at home: Recommended

20211219

63.89

Schools: Mandatory closed

It looks as if the lockdown on December 19th was far more severe than just closing schools, see here: [[8]]. But that doesn’t show up yet in the Blavatnik data I took on the 25th.

I’ll need to show some more graphs here, because I found a very interesting report from last November about COVID in the Netherlands: [[9]]. It seems they had omicron at least as early as the South Africans did! So, here are the graphs of cases and of hospitalizations per case for the Netherlands:


Now, look at that last but one peak in the cases – the one in July. That very steep rise to the peak happened in many other European countries too, and was the “signature” of the delta variant. Given that the Dutch appeared to have the virus under control through August and September, it is not hard to hypothesize that the latest peak of cases was not delta, but something else.

Could it have been omicron, as the Reuters report suggested was possible? Could omicron have been in the Netherlands already, as early as October? In that case, if omicron genuinely is less severe than delta, we might expect to see a significant drop in hospitalizations per case since September. Hospital occupancy per case has indeed dropped over that period, but only from 20.5% to 11.5%. Possible, but not conclusive.

But there’s something else odd going on in the Netherlands, too. The reported daily COVID cases per million went down by almost half during the period from November 27th to December 21st. The raw data still shows cases dropping, right through to December 24th. COVID deaths per million, too, were dropping from December 12th onwards. So why has there even been talk of COVID cases “exploding,” whether omicron or otherwise? That may have been a fair comment a month ago, but certainly not now.

And where is the rationale for imposing any lockdown at all on December 19th? The only possible rationale I can see is that they aren’t sure they have enough ICUs to cope with another wave. But shutting the whole country down right before Christmas seems, to me at least, to be way beyond reasonable.

Portugal



Date

Stringency

Measures

20210702

74.07

Schools: Some closed (Regional), Workplaces: Some closed, Events: Mandatory cancelled, Gatherings: Up to <=10, Public transport: Recommended closed, Stay at home: Required with exceptions (Regional), Travel: Mandatory restrictions (Regional), International: Ban some arrivals, Face covering: Required when with others

20210705

65.74

Travel: No restrictions

20210709

63.89

Schools: Recommended closed

20210801

58.33

Stay at home: No measures

20210823

52.78

Public transport: Open

20210903

52.78

Contact tracing: Comprehensive

20210913

52.78

Face covering: Required in some places

20211001

44.44

Gatherings: Up to 101-1000

International: Quarantine high-risk

20211026

40.74

Schools: Open

20211201

43.52

International: Ban some arrivals

Face covering: Required when with others

On the face of it, not much to see here, except that case growth is starting to pick up. But the Portuguese have already announced “post-Christmas curbs”: [[10]]. The reason becomes obvious when you look at the cases graph:

Omicron, welcome to Portugal!

Spain



Date

Stringency

Measures

20210717

50.46

Schools: Recommended closed, Workplaces: Recommended closed, Events: Mandatory cancelled (Regional), Gatherings: Up to <=10 (Regional), Public transport: Open, Stay at home: Required with exceptions (Regional), Travel: No restrictions, International: Ban some arrivals, Face covering: Required in some places

20210720

47.69

International: Quarantine high-risk

20210722

47.69

Testing: Open

20210915

42.13

Stay at home: No measures

20211001

43.98

Workplaces: Some closed (Regional)

Face covering: Required when with others

20211009

41.2

Gatherings: Up to 11-100 (Regional)

20211129

43.98

International: Ban some arrivals

This looks more than slightly similar to neighbour Portugal. And the recent government response is similar, too: [[11]]. The reason is plain:

Sweden



Date

Stringency

Measures

20210701

51.85

Schools: Open, Workplaces: Recommended closed, Events: Recommended cancelled, Gatherings: Up to 11-100, Public transport: Recommended closed, Stay at home: Recommended, Travel: Recommended not to travel, International: Ban some arrivals, Face covering: No measures

20210715

37.04

Workplaces: Open

Public transport: Open

Travel: No restrictions

20210811

37.04

Contact tracing: None

20210929

19.44

Events: Allowed

Gatherings: No restrictions

Stay at home: No measures

There have been more restrictions brought in recently: [[12]]. Even the Swedes are in wait-and-see land now. But it’s absolutely clear that their laid-back, low-lockdown strategy has worked well compared with most of the other countries. If they hadn’t lost a lot of people at the very beginning of the epidemic, they would (and should) be laughing at the rest of us by now.

Switzerland



Date

Stringency

Measures

20210721

40.74

Schools: Recommended closed, Workplaces: Recommended closed, Events: Recommended cancelled, Gatherings: Up to 11-100, Public transport: Open, Stay at home: No measures, Travel: No restrictions, International: Ban some arrivals, Face covering: Required in some places

20210913

50

Workplaces: Some closed

Events: Mandatory cancelled

20211205

46.3

Workplaces: Recommended closed

20211220

53.7

Workplaces: Mandatory closed

Face covering: Required when with others

Like the Austrians, their ICU situation made it inevitable that the Swiss would lock down. Otherwise, they seem to be using a similar strategy to the Belgians, with closing workplaces and cancelling events as their punishments of choice.

UK



Date

Stringency

Measures

20210719

43.98

Schools: Recommended closed, Workplaces: Some closed (Regional), Events: Recommended cancelled (Regional), Gatherings: Up to <=10 (Regional), Public transport: Recommended closed (Regional), Stay at home: No measures, Travel: No restrictions, International: Ban some arrivals, Face covering: Required when with others (Regional)

20210910

41.2

Gatherings: Up to 11-100 (Regional)

20211018

46.76

Events: Mandatory cancelled (Regional)

20211215

48.61

Workplaces: Some closed

Events: Mandatory cancelled

International: Quarantine high-risk

Sajid Javid’s efforts as health secretary so far have, under the circumstances, been exemplary. And it is exceedingly rare for me ever to say anything nice about any politician! He has made his predecessor look like <insert swear word of your choice>. He even seems to have persuaded his boss to carry on with his strategy, at least in England and for now: [[13]].

Despite record new cases, my reading of the data is that he has steered the UK into a better position to deal with omicron than anyone else among the 14 except Sweden and Denmark. And as I write these words, the new UK cases for 25th, 26th and 27th December have come in on Worldometers. 113.2K, 107.5K and 98.5K, respectively. The apparent decline over the three days, I think, is probably spurious and due to late reporting over the holiday period. But at least, the situation isn’t getting exponentially worse, as the alarmists would have us believe. And even the Guardian has caught a mood of optimism: [[14]].

Meanwhile, here’s the graph of hospital occupancy per case:

Is that a slight “knee-bend” I see in the middle of November? Maybe; maybe not. What I can say is that hospitalizations per case were around 25% on November 10th, and have dropped to 12% as at December 20th. A drop comparable to that in the Netherlands, and certainly not inconsistent with omicron having a significantly lower risk of hospitalization than delta.

Turn of the COVID tide?

I won’t even try to write a “To sum up” section, because the data (not to mention the stories in the media) are all over the place. But I do share the Guardian’s optimism, about COVID in the UK at least. Turn of the tide? We shall see.


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